Lesson 2 – Japanese Influence on Whistler
Introduction
“This artistic abode of my son is ornamented by a very rare collection of Japanese and Chinese. He considers the paintings upon them the finest specimens of art, and his companions (artists), who resort here for an evening’s relaxation occasionally get enthusiastic as they handle and examine the curious figure portrayed.”
– Anna McNeill Whistler
When Japan opened to trade with the West in 1854 after centuries of isolation, Japanese art began appearing in European capitals. Asian objects and the composition and harmonies of Japanese woodblock prints intrigued James McNeill Whistler and his fellow artists. Whistler incorporated Japanese flattened space, high horizon line, and limitation of color into his etchings and paintings.
In this lesson students discuss Whistler’s print, Upright Venice. They compare and contrast it to Japanese artist Hiroshige’s woodblock print View of Mogami River and Gassan Mountain, Dewa. Students read how 19th- Century artists were inspired by art from the Far East. They write answers about this reading on a worksheet. Students sketch or photograph a landscape scene and experiment with various locations of the horizon line. As a concluding assessment students write a short essay explaining how Japanese prints influenced Whistler’s art.
Abstract
In this lesson students view and discuss Whistler’s etching, Upright Venice. Using a Venn diagram, they compare and contrast Upright Venice to a woodblock print by Japanese artist Hiroshige. Students read an article about Asian influences on Whistler’s art. They experiment with horizon line locations by creating two photographs or sketches of the same scene, placing the horizon line high in one and low in the other. They then write a reflection on how this changes their compositions. In conclusion students write a short essay explaining how Japanese art influenced Whistler’s art. Worksheets and an assessment rubric are included in this standards aligned lesson.
Downloads
» Lesson 2.0: Main Lesson Overview (Word Document)
» Lesson 2.0: Main Lesson Overview (PDF Document)
» Lesson 2.0 - 2.6: All Lesson Files (Compressed Folder - Word Documents)
» Lesson 2.0 - 2.6: All Lesson Files (Compressed Folder - PDF Documents)
» Lesson 2: All Images (Compressed Folder - JPG Files) [5.1 mb]
Guiding Questions
Learning Objectives
Abstract
In this lesson students view and discuss Whistler’s etching, Upright Venice. Using a Venn diagram, they compare and contrast Upright Venice to a woodblock print by Japanese artist Hiroshige. Students read an article about Asian influences on Whistler’s art. They experiment with horizon line locations by creating two photographs or sketches of the same scene, placing the horizon line high in one and low in the other. They then write a reflection on how this changes their compositions. In conclusion students write a short essay explaining how Japanese art influenced Whistler’s art. Worksheets and an assessment rubric are included in this standards aligned lesson.
Objectives
At the end of this lesson students will be able to:
- Analyze and describe the composition of space in Whistler’s etching, Upright Venice;
- Identify and discuss similarities between Whistler’s print and Japanese artist Hiroshige’s woodblock print;
- Discuss Whistler and his associates’ enthusiasm for Asian art;
- Describe how Whistler incorporated Japanese influences into his art;
- Vary the location of the horizon line in sketches or photographs of the same scene;
- Analyze how the placement of the horizon line affects the perception of space and abstraction in a composition;
- Write a short essay describing the influences of Asian art in Whistler’s art.
Background for Teachers
James McNeill Whistler
Whistler and his friends first “discovered” Japanese woodblock prints in Paris in the mid 1850s. After 250 years of isolation, Japan opened to trade with Europe and the United States. Whistler began collecting Japanese prints, porcelains and other objects. When Whistler moved to London in 1859, he introduced fellow artists to his collection of Japanese art. The 1862 International Exhibition further piqued London’s obsession with Asian art.
Composition
As Whistler changed his art from realism to works of pure beauty, he studied the spatial composition and color of Japanese prints. He incorporated their principles into his own compositions. He began locating horizon lines high in the picture plane. This flattened space eventually led to abstractions. Like Japanese artists his compositions were asymmetrical, not centered, with figures and objects cut off by the edge of the picture. Striving for harmony in his paintings, he limited and repeated colors.
Asian artists sign their work with chop marks. Whistler signed his art with a butterfly, his mark.
Upright Venice, etching and drypoint, 1879-1880
Whistler was broke after suing art critic John Ruskin for libel in 1878. Although he won the case, he’d used all his money for legal fees. He received a commission to create twelve plates of Venetian scenes. Initially he was only to be in Venice a few months, but he stayed more than a year etching over fifty scenes. On his return to London, his exhibits of the etchings were very successful.
For more about Whistler’s art, view the following posts on this site:
» Talented Boy
» Art for Art’s Sake
» Inspiration from the East
» Selling the Vision
» Portraits & Painters
» Legacy
» Comparative Timeline
» The Venice Sets
The etching process is introduced in lesson 3. See the video on this site, The Process of Etching.
Hiroshige
Japanese artist Andō Hiroshige was born in Edo (modern Tokyo) in 1797. His original name was Ichiyusai Tokutaro, but his professional name was Utagawa Hiroshige. Although he inherited a fire warden position from his father, by 1811 he was studying art. Edo was a prosperous commercial center. Hiroshige designed ukiyo-e prints. These genre pictures of Edo’s stylish, fleeting, ”floating world” featured familiar scenes, everyday life and Edo’s entertainers.
Hiroshige’s print, View of Mogami River and Gassan Mountain, Dewa was from his series of Famous Views in the Sixty-odd Provinces. This vertical composition shows a bird’s eye view of the swift Mogamiawa River. Mount Gassan, one of the three sacred mountains of the ancient Japanese province of Dewa, rises in the background. Because ukiyo-e prints were inexpensive, costing only about the price of a bowl of noodles, middle class Japanese were able to afford them. To learn more about Hiroshige and ukiyo-e see:
» The Floating World of Ukiyo-E (includes Hiroshige’s sketchbooks)
Library of Congress Exhibit
» Japan Memories of a Secret Empire
PBS video and website
Preparing to Teach This Lesson
Review the lesson plan and the websites used throughout. Locate and bookmark suggested materials and websites. Download and print out documents you will use. Duplicate copies as necessary for student viewing.
Students can access materials at http://www.whistlerthemovie.com.
Suggested Activities
Click any Activity heading to view that particular Activity in it's entirety (on the Activities Tab above). The corresponding documents are available for download below each Activity's respective heading.
» Activity 1. Look and Think: Discuss Whistler Etching, Upright Venice
» Activity 2. Compare and Contrast a Whistler Etching and a Hiroshige Woodblock Print
» Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet (PDF Document).
» Activity 3. Read, Think, Write: Japanese Influence on Whistler
» Essay: “Inspiration from the East”
» Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" Study Guide (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" Study Guide (PDF Document).
» Activity 4 Studio: Experimenting with Horizons: Landscape Photographs or Sketches
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (PDF Document).
» Activity 5 Assessment: Write How Japanese Art Influenced Whistler’s Art
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.6 Assessment Rubric for Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.6 Assessment Rubric for Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (PDF Document).
» Activity 6 Lesson Extension: Create a Block Print
» Activity 7 Lesson Extension: Write a Haiku
Extending the Lesson
» Activity 6 Lesson Extension: Create a Block Print
» Museum of Modern Art’s interactive directions for creating a woodcut, What is a Print? Woodcut (requires Flash)
» Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire, PBS video and website.
» Activity 7 Lesson Extension: Write a Haiku
Students may write a haiku poem about either Whistler’s art or their photograph or sketch of a landscape. Haiku is a very short form of Japanese poetry. See:
» The World of Haiku
Handouts
» Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" Study Guide (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" Study Guide (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.6 Assessment Rubric for Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (Word Document)
» Lesson 2.6 Assessment Rubric for Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (PDF Document)
Download ALL Lesson 2 Handouts:
» Lesson 2.0 - 2.6: All Lesson Files (Compressed Folder - Word Documents)
» Lesson 2.0 - 2.6: All Lesson Files (Compressed Folder - PDF Documents)
Other Resources
Edsitement Lesson Plans
“Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire”
» Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire
The Basics
Grade Levels |
6-8 or 9-12 | |
|---|---|---|
Subject Areas: |
Art and Culture: Literature and Language Arts: |
Visual Arts, Art History Common Core |
Time Required: |
2 or 3 periods |
Standards Alignment
» National Core Arts Standards: National Visual Arts Standards
VA:Pr6.1.HSII
Make, explain, and justify connections between artists or artwork and social, cultural, and political history.
VA:Re7.1.8
Explain how a person’s aesthetic choices are influenced by culture and environment and impact the visual image that one conveys to others.
VA:Re8.1.7
Interpret art by analyzing art-making approaches, the characteristics of form and structure, relevant contextual information, subject matter, and use of media to identify ideas and mood conveyed.
VA:Cr3.1.7
Reflect on and explain important information about personal artwork in an artist statement or another format.
VA:Re7.2.HSIII
Determine the commonalities within a group of artists or visual images attributed to a particular type of art, timeframe, or culture.
VA:Re8.1.HSI
Interpret an artwork or collection of works, supported by relevant and sufficient evidence found in the work and its various contexts.
» Common Core State Standards Initiative – English Language Arts Standards
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.
Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.
Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem.
Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
Author’s name and affiliation:
Art education consultant
Corpus Christi, Texas
Learning Objectives
Abstract
In this lesson students view and discuss Whistler’s etching, Upright Venice. Using a Venn diagram, they compare and contrast Upright Venice to a woodblock print by Japanese artist Hiroshige. Students read an article about Asian influences on Whistler’s art. They experiment with horizon line locations by creating two photographs or sketches of the same scene, placing the horizon line high in one and low in the other. They then write a reflection on how this changes their compositions. In conclusion students write a short essay explaining how Japanese art influenced Whistler’s art. Worksheets and an assessment rubric are included in this standards aligned lesson.
Objectives
At the end of this lesson students will be able to:
- Analyze and describe the composition of space in Whistler’s etching, Upright Venice;
- Identify and discuss similarities between Whistler’s print and Japanese artist Hiroshige’s woodblock print;
- Discuss Whistler and his associates’ enthusiasm for Asian art;
- Describe how Whistler incorporated Japanese influences into his art;
- Vary the location of the horizon line in sketches or photographs of the same scene;
- Analyze how the placement of the horizon line affects the perception of space and abstraction in a composition;
- Write a short essay describing the influences of Asian art in Whistler’s art.
Activities
Click to scroll to each Activity.
» Activity 1. Look and Think: Discuss Whistler Etching, Upright Venice
» Activity 2. Compare and Contrast a Whistler Etching and a Hiroshige Woodblock Print
» Activity 3. Read, Think, Write: Japanese Influence on Whistler
» Activity 4 Studio: Experimenting with Horizons: Landscape Photographs or Sketches
» Activity 5 Assessment: Write How Japanese Art Influenced Whistler’s Art
AActivity 1. Look and Think: Discuss Whistler Etching, Upright Venice
» Art Image: Whistler, Upright Venice, Etching
Whistler, James McNeill, Upright Venice, 1880, Etching, 25.5 x 18 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Rosenwald Collection
Teacher Instructions:
Show students a large image of Whistler’s etching, Whistler, Upright Venice. Give them a few minutes to study it.
Observation and Analysis
Ask: What objects do you see in this picture? Compile a class list of students’ answers. They should see:
- gondolas (boats – most are open, some enclosed) Note the curved bows.
- upright poles with streamers in foreground for mooring gondolas
- oars or poles lying on gondolas
- indistinct city in background with two tall domes (It’s Venice.)
- a 3-masted schooner in the left background
- brick or cobblestone waterfront walkway in left foreground
- sky with clouds
- rising smoke in far right background
- men – most standing in groups wearing hats, man bending over, man leaning on a cane or stick near left edge
- one woman in the group at the table (Is she shopping?)
- butterfly (Whistler’s signature symbol)
Ask: Describe the color in this print.
It has black lines on a cream colored paper. Explain that this was a one-color or monochrome print.
Tell students that it is an etching. Briefly, the artist’s lines were etched into a copper plate. The printer put ink into these etched lines, and then forced the ink onto paper. (This process is explained in detail in Lesson 3 and in this video: The Process of Etching)
Ask: What do you notice first when you look at this print?
Students may notice the darker circle of men standing by the group of gondolas on the lower right. With the focal point located off center, this is an asymmetrical composition.
Ask students to trace the movement of their gaze through this picture.
Beginning on the lower right, the waterfront curb leads to a dark covered gondola. Although there is a large empty space in the middle of the composition, the gondola mooring poles, as well the angle of the curb lead us to the distant ship and city scene.
Point out how Whistler created the darker values in the etching. If possible zoom in to some of the closely spaced parallel lines. Locate a few areas of crosshatched lines. Notice the sketchy, almost scribbly lines of the figures.
Ask students to locate the horizon. Note how high it is in this composition, in the top quarter.
Ask: Where might the artist have been standing to have this viewpoint?
This is an elevated, bird’s eye view. Perhaps Whistler saw this scene from an upper story window or balcony.
Ask: How did Whistler suggest distance?
The distant objects are smaller, lighter, and higher in the picture than the nearer objects.
Interpret
Ask: What do you know about Venice from this print?
Students might suggest that it has a busy waterfront with many boats and people. The schooner suggests trade with distant lands. The domed buildings in the background indicate a grand city. The water in the canal seems calm with fair weather clouds overhead.
Venice was a slightly exotic, popular destination for vacationing Londoners in the 19th- Century. Explain that Whistler had gone to Venice to create a dozen prints of Venetian scenes. Although he was initially only to stay for three months, he remained for over a year, creating over fifty prints, which sold well on his return to London.
As an admirer of Japanese art, Whistler depicted space and composed this scene similar to that in the Japanese prints that he collected.
Activity 2. Compare and Contrast a Whistler Etching and a Hiroshige Woodblock Print
» Art Image: Hiroshige, View of Mogami River and Gassan Mountain, Dewa, Woodblock Print
» Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet (PDF Document).
Andō Hiroshige, View of Mogami River and Gassan mountain, Dewa, 1853, Woodcut, 35.6 x 24.5 cm, Library of Congress
Teacher Instructions:
Show students a large image of Andō Hiroshige’s View of Mogami River and Gassan Mountain, Dewa.
Lesson 2.1 – Compare and Contrast a Whistler Etching and a Hiroshige Woodblock Print
Have them compare and contrast Whistler’s Upright Venice with Hiroshige’s woodblock print using the Venn diagram in the reproducible Lesson 2.1 – Compare Whistler Etching to Japanese Print Worksheet.
Students’ answers may be similar to these:(Teacher comments are in parenthesis.)
|
Whistler |
Alike / Similar |
Hiroshige |
|
Etching (In the etching printing process ink is pressed out from recessed grooves in the plate.) |
Both are prints (In both printing processes ink is transferred from a block or plate to paper.) |
Woodcut or woodblock print (In block printing ink is on the raised surface of the block. Areas that don’t print have been cut away.) |
|
One color, black on white |
Black lines |
6 or more colors (Each color on Hiroshige’s print was printed with a separate block.) |
|
Gondolas, one schooner |
Many Boats with curved bows (Boats are smaller in background.) |
Sails on many boats, some rafts and small boats |
|
Most figures are standing and are larger than in the Hiroshige print. |
Indistinct people |
A few very small figures are on boats. |
|
Very smooth water |
Both show a busy waterway. (The viewer’s gaze follows this path to the background.) |
Water ripples are indicated by lines. |
|
Domed city in background |
A triangular or pointed shape rises from the horizon line in both prints |
Mountain in background, tiny village mid right |
|
Gondolas on right point to center |
Similar shapes on the right side of each print point into the composition |
Land on right points in to center |
|
High Horizon located about ¼ of the way down the composition |
||
|
Butterfly artist symbol on left |
Artist signature in red box on left, publisher’s seal in lower left margin, date and censor seals in upper right margin, print title and series titles in boxes in upper right corner |
Discuss the students’ comparisons of Whistler’s and Hiroshige’s prints. Emphasize the similarities in composition and space. Explain that Hiroshige’s print is an ukiyo-e woodblock print. Ukiyo-e subjects were familiar views or scenes from everyday.
Activity 3. Activity 3. Read, Think, Write: Japanese Influence on Whistler
» Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" Study Guide (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme" Study Guide (PDF Document).
Teacher Instructions:
Before students read “Inspiration from the East”, go over unfamiliar terms. Explain that Japonisme was 19th- Century Europe’s fascination with anything from Japan. It began when Japan opened to trade with the West after being isolated for 250 years. Students may not be familiar with the term atelier, an artist or decorator’s workshop.
Have students read “Inspiration from the East” and complete the short study guide Lesson 2.2 "Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme". Discuss their answers to the study guide questions.
See the answer sheet for this study guide, Lesson 2.3 Answer Sheet for Whistler’s Enthusiasm for Japonisme Study Guide.
Activity 4 Studio: Experimenting with Horizons: Landscape Photographs or Sketches
» Art Image: Autumn Landscape
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (PDF Document).
Teacher Instructions:
Have students photograph or sketch a landscape. This might be what they see from a window or students might explore nearby outdoor views. Encourage them to look at the scene from various vantage points – looking down, up, or from various sides. Remind them that Whistler often located the horizon line high in his compositions as in Japanese art. This led to a flattening of space and eventually greater abstraction in his art.
Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment explains this assignment and includes questions for students’ reflection on their artworks’ composition. They should consider how relocating the horizon line affects the perception of space and abstraction of their subject.
Note: The photograph in Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment is a free public domain image.
autumn-landscape-1352568333n2y-4.jpg
http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/view-image.php?image=27546
http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/view-image.php?image=27546
http://www.publicdomainpictures.net
Activity 5 Assessment: Write How Japanese Art Influenced Whistler’s Art
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (PDF Document).
Teacher Instructions:
Have students write a short essay describing how Whistler’s enthusiasm for Asian art influenced his prints. Students may use information they learned in this lesson and the film, “Whistler & The Case for Beauty.” They should also refer to “Inspiration from the East” and their comparison of Whistler and Hiroshige’s prints. See Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment.
Activity 6 Lesson Extension. Create a Block Print.
Teacher Instructions:
Students may create a block print from their landscape sketch or photograph. If you are unfamiliar with this process, see:
» Museum of Modern Art’s interactive directions for creating a woodcut, What is a Print? Woodcut (requires Flash)
» Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire, PBS video and website.
Activity 7 Lesson Extension. Write a Haiku.
Teacher Instructions:
Students may write a haiku poem about either Whistler’s art or their photograph or sketch of a landscape. Haiku is a very short form of Japanese poetry. See:
» The World of Haiku
» Can You Haiku?
Assignments
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment
Read the short biography of Whistler, “The Artist-James McNeill Whistler” and timelines of his life and times on the Whistler the Movie website.
As Whistler composed his etchings and paintings, he experimented with balance and viewpoints. He often arranged space like that in Japanese prints, placing the horizon near the top of his compositions. As he did this, his art became more abstract.
Photograph or sketch the same landscape scene twice. In one view place the horizon low in the picture plane as in A. In the second view locate the horizon line high in the picture plane as in B.
Analyze and reflect on your compositions.
1. Describe how placing the horizon line in different parts of your sketch or photograph changed the appearance of space or depth in your art.
2. Which horizon placement seems less real or more abstract?
3. Which composition do you prefer? Explain why.
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.4 Horizon Experiments Assignment (PDF Document).
Assignments
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment
Write a short (100-300 word) essay describing how Whistler’s enthusiasm for Asian art influenced his art. Use information you learned in this lesson and the film, Whistler & The Case for Beauty. Refer to the reading, “Inspiration From the East,” and your comparison of Whistler and Hiroshige’s prints.
Your essay should be well written, neat, and understandable. Include terms you learned in this lesson. Include information about similarities in Whistler’s and Japanese composition.
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (Word Document).
» Lesson 2.5 Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment (PDF Document).
» Lesson 2.6 Assessment Rubric for Japanese Influences in Whistler’s Art Assignment
|
Excellent |
All Right, O.K. |
Needs |
Unacceptable |
|
|
Information |
Appropriately used information and facts learned in this lesson. Included terms such as Japonisme. Indicated thorough understanding of Japanese influence in Whistler’s compositions. |
Appropriately used information and facts learned in this lesson. Included terms such as Japonisme. Indicated understanding of Japanese influences in Whistler’s compositions. |
Included some information and facts learned in this lesson. Terms such as Japonisme were not used correctly. Indicated some understanding of Japanese influences in Whistler’s compositions. |
Did not include information and facts learned in this lesson. Terms such as Japonisme were not included or were used incorrectly. Did not indicate understanding of Japanese influences in Whistler’s compositions. |
|
Writing |
Composition was very well written and understandable. |
Composition was well written and for the most part was understandable. |
Composition was difficult to understand due to poor grammar or spelling. |
Composition was poorly written, not understandable. |
| Length |
100-300 words. Length was appropriate for information given. |
A little less or more than the assigned 100-300 words. |
Much less or more than the assigned 100-300 words. Either too brief or too long to adequately state required information. |
Way too brief or lengthy. |
